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Christina Engela
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Devil’s Advocate: The 666 Gangs: Why They Aren’t Satanists, How They Distorted South African Law Enforcement’s Perception Of Occult Religions, & The Consequences Kindle Edition

by Christina Engela (Author) Format: Kindle Edition
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In the early 1990’s, a phenomenon emerged in the Free State province of South Africa, in which violent youth gangs rose to terrorize rural communities and in particular, schools. What set these gangs apart from others was their sub-culture, which drew on beliefs and practices of African witchcraft, and the symbolism and imagery of Satanism.

However, on closer inspection, these gangs – known as the “666” gangs – appeared to exactly fit the descriptions of “Satanism” promulgated by the SAPS during South Africa’s “Satanic Panic” – a fact which cannot be appreciated without it being noticed that these gangs inevitably more closely resemble the paradigm of the “tabloid prophecy fulfiller” or “pseudo-satanist” than genuine religious Satanism.

Nevertheless, it is apparent that South African authorities, law enforcement, the media, the public, and community-based organizations continue to linger under the false impression that “pseudo-satanism” and Satanism are both one and the same thing, or are somehow “linked” or “related”, which is an excuse used to justify the continued inaccurate description of these criminal gangs as “satanic”, “linked to Satanism”, or as practicing “theistic Satanism”.

Given the South African Police Service’s history of being unable to tell religious Satanism apart from “pseudo-satanism” and criminal “tabloid-prophecy fulfillment” – to the point where for three decades the SAPS operated a specialized police unit dedicated to this misunderstanding – the purpose of this paper is to examine these “666” gangs and compare them to Satanism as a new religious movement, in order to clarify why these gangs are not “satanic” nor related to Satanism as a religion.

As part of this exercise, the effects of this confusion will be discussed, to demonstrate how the historic misunderstanding coupled with the intrusion of religious fundamentalism into law enforcement affected the SAPS and its Occult Related Crimes unit’s perception of occult religions in South Africa – which has had consequences reaching even to the present day.
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  1. Print length
    74 pages
  2. Language
    English
  3. Sticky notes
    On Kindle Scribe
  4. Publication date
    April 17, 2022
  5. File size
    585 KB
  6. Page Flip
    Enabled
  7. Word Wise
    Enabled
  8. Enhanced typesetting
    Enabled
  9. See all details
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Product details

  • ASIN ‏ : ‎ B09Y7KQ24Z
  • Publication date ‏ : ‎ April 17, 2022
  • Language ‏ : ‎ English
  • File size ‏ : ‎ 585 KB
  • Simultaneous device usage ‏ : ‎ Unlimited
  • Text-to-Speech ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • Screen Reader ‏ : ‎ Supported
  • Enhanced typesetting ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • X-Ray ‏ : ‎ Not Enabled
  • Word Wise ‏ : ‎ Enabled
  • Sticky notes ‏ : ‎ On Kindle Scribe
  • Print length ‏ : ‎ 74 pages

About the author

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Christina Engela

Christina Engela

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"Christina Engela is a South African editor and author of horror, fantasy and science fiction novels. Her books are never short of suspense, adventure and humor, while her colorful characters and thought-provoking settings take readers into another world, making her one of the most gifted and creative storytellers. A firm supporter of the LGBT community, Christina believes that Sexual and Gender Minority characters aren’t reflected enough by authors due to a number of reasons. As such, Christina's writing isn’t stereotypical, and her characters aren’t stereotypes, regardless of their sexuality or gender." - Booksradar.com, June 21, 2021.

You can find out more on ChristinaEngela.com

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