KDP prints your book on demand and subtracts your printing costs from your royalties. That means you don't have to pay any costs upfront or carry any inventory.

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Contents

• How we calculate printing cost
• Black ink paperback
• Groundwood paperback
• Premium or standard color ink paperback
• Printing cost calculation examples
• Minimum paperback list price
• Maximum paperback list price
• Set & Update List Prices by Marketplace

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How we calculate printing cost

Printing costs vary depending on trim size, page count, ink type (black ink or color ink), and paper type. Bleed settings and cover finish don't affect printing cost. Printing cost also depends on which Amazon marketplace (website) a reader ordered your book from. Based on the print options you choose, KDP calculates and displays your printing cost in the Rights & Pricing section of your title setup.

To calculate your paperback's printing cost, we use this formula:

Fixed cost + (page count * per page cost) = printing cost

To estimate your printing cost, use KDP's Printing Cost & Royalty Calculator.

The charts below summarize printing cost calculations by marketplace where the book is sold.

Black ink paperback with cream or white paper:
Note: Black-ink paperbacks with 24 - 110 pages only incur the fixed cost (24 - 108 pages for Amazon.com.au).

Marketplace	Regular Trim Sizes		Large Trim Sizes (More than 6.12 inches (155.5 mm) in width or more than 9 inches (228.6 mm) in height)
	Fixed Cost	Per-Page Cost	Fixed Cost	Per-Page Cost
Paperback specification: black ink with 24-110 pages (24-108 pages for Amazon.com.au)
Amazon.com	2.30 USD per book	None	2.84 USD per book	None
Amazon.ca	2.99 CAD per book	None	3.53 CAD per book	None
Amazon.co.uk	1.93 GBP per book	None	2.15 GBP per book	None
Amazon.de/es/fr/it/nl/ie/com.be	2.05 EUR per book	None	2.48 EUR per book	None
Amazon.pl	9.58 PLN per book	None	11.61 PLN per book	None
Amazon.se	22.84 SEK per book	None	27.67 SEK per book	None
Amazon.com.au	4.74 AUD per book	None	5.28 AUD per book	None
Amazon.co.jp	422 YEN per book	None	530 YEN per book	None
Paperback specification: black ink with 110-828 pages
Amazon.com	1.00 USD per book	0.012 USD per page	1.00 USD per book	0.017 USD per page
Amazon.ca	1.26 CAD per book	0.016 CAD per page	1.26 CAD per book	0.021 CAD per page
Amazon.co.uk	0.85 GBP per book	0.010 GBP per page	0.85 GBP per book	0.012 GBP per page
Amazon.de/es/fr/it/nl/ie/com.be	0.75 EUR per book	0.012 EUR per page	0.75 EUR per book	0.016 EUR per page
Amazon.pl	3.51 PLN per book	0.056 PLN per page	3.51 PLN per book	0.075 PLN per page
Amazon.se	8.37 SEK per book	0.134 SEK per page	8.37 SEK per book	0.179 SEK per page
Amazon.com.au	2.42 AUD per book	0.022 AUD per page	2.42 AUD per book	0.027 AUD per page
Amazon.co.jp	206 YEN per book	2 YEN per page	206 YEN per book	3 YEN per page

Black ink paperback with groundwood paper:
Note: Groundwood printing costs per page are approximately 5% lower than cream and white paper with black and white ink. For shorter books (24–112 pages) where only the fixed cost applies, groundwood has a lower fixed cost than cream or white paper.

Marketplace	Regular Trim Sizes		Large Trim Sizes (More than 6.12 inches (155.5 mm) in width or more than 9 inches (228.6 mm) in height)
	Fixed Cost	Per-Page Cost	Fixed Cost	Per-Page Cost
Paperback specification: groundwood with 24-112 pages
Amazon.com	2.23 USD per book	None	2.75 USD per book	None
Amazon.ca	2.90 CAD per book	None	3.42 CAD per book	None
Amazon.co.uk	1.88 GBP per book	None	2.08 GBP per book	None
Amazon.de/es/fr/it/nl/ie/com.be	1.98 EUR per book	None	2.39 EUR per book	None
Amazon.pl	9.26 PLN per book	None	11.21 PLN per book	None
Amazon.se	22.12 SEK per book	None	26.74 SEK per book	None
Amazon.com.au	4.62 AUD per book	None	5.14 AUD per book	None
Amazon.co.jp	411.20 YEN per book	None	513.80 YEN per book	None
Paperback specification: groundwood with 114-828 pages
Amazon.com	1.00 USD per book	0.0114 USD per page	1.00 USD per book	0.0162 USD per page
Amazon.ca	1.26 CAD per book	0.0152 CAD per page	1.26 CAD per book	0.0200 CAD per page
Amazon.co.uk	0.85 GBP per book	0.0095 GBP per page	0.85 GBP per book	0.0114 GBP per page
Amazon.de/es/fr/it/nl/ie/com.be	0.75 EUR per book	0.0114 EUR per page	0.75 EUR per book	0.0152 EUR per page
Amazon.pl	3.51 PLN per book	0.0532 PLN per page	3.51 PLN per book	0.0713 PLN per page
Amazon.se	8.37 SEK per book	0.1273 SEK per page	8.37 SEK per book	0.1701 SEK per page
Amazon.com.au	2.42 AUD per book	0.0209 AUD per page	2.42 AUD per book	0.0257 AUD per page
Amazon.co.jp	206 YEN per book	1.9000 YEN per page	206 YEN per book	2.8500 YEN per page

Color ink paperback:

Marketplace	Regular Trim Sizes		Large Trim Sizes (More than 6.12 inches (155.5 mm) in width or more than 9 inches (228.6 mm) in height)
	Fixed Cost	Per-Page Cost	Fixed Cost	Per-Page Cost
Paperback specification: premium color ink with 24-40 pages
Amazon.com	3.60 USD per book	None	4.20 USD per book	None
Amazon.ca	4.66 CAD per book	None	5.26 CAD per book	None
Amazon.co.uk	2.59 GBP per book	None	3.24 GBP per book	None
Amazon.de/es/fr/it/nl/ie/com.be	2.85 EUR per book	None	3.61 EUR per book	None
Amazon.pl	12.86 PLN per book	None	15.32 PLN per book	None
Amazon.se	30.65 SEK per book	None	36.51 SEK per book	None
Amazon.com.au	5.82 AUD per book	None	6.42 AUD per book	None
Amazon.co.jp	475 YEN per book	None	475 YEN per book	None
Paperback specification: premium color ink with 42-828 pages
Amazon.com	1.00 USD per book	0.065 USD per page	1.00 USD per book	0.08 USD per page
Amazon.ca	1.26 CAD per book	0.085 CAD per page	1.26 CAD per book	0.10 CAD per page
Amazon.co.uk	0.85 GBP per book	0.0435 GBP per page	0.85 GBP per book	0.0598 GBP per page
Amazon.de/es/fr/it/nl/ie/com.be	0.75 EUR per book	0.0525 EUR per page	0.75 EUR per book	0.0715 EUR per page
Amazon.pl	3.51 PLN per book	0.267 PLN per page	3.51 PLN per book	0.337 PLN per page
Amazon.se	8.37 SEK per book	0.636 SEK per page	8.37 SEK per book	0.804 SEK per page
Amazon.com.au	2.42 AUD per book	0.085 AUD per page	2.42 AUD per book	0.100 AUD per page
Amazon.co.jp	206 YEN per book	4 YEN per page	206 YEN per book	5 YEN per page
Paperback specification: standard color ink with 72-600 pages
Amazon.com	1.00 USD per book	0.0255 USD per page	1.00 USD per book	0.0402 USD per page
Amazon.ca	1.26 CAD per book	0.037 CAD per page	1.26 CAD per book	0.052 CAD per page
Amazon.co.uk	0.85 GBP per book	0.020 GBP per page	0.85 GBP per book	0.027 GBP per page
Amazon.de/es/fr/it/nl/ie/com.be	0.75 EUR per book	0.024 EUR per page	0.75 EUR per book	0.035 EUR per page
Amazon.pl	3.51 PLN per book	0.112 PLN per page	3.51 PLN per book	0.164 PLN per page
Amazon.se	8.37 SEK per book	0.268 SEK per page	8.37 SEK per book	0.3691 SEK per page
Amazon.co.jp	206 YEN per book	3.50 YEN per page	206 YEN per book	4.50 YEN per page

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Printing cost calculation examples

Black ink, regular trim size
Example #1: 300-page black ink regular trim size paperback sold in the United States:
Based on the black ink chart above, the fixed cost for a 300-page black ink regular trim size paperback sold on Amazon.com is 1.00 USD, and the additional cost per page is 0.012 USD.

1.00 USD fixed cost + (300 page count * 0.012 USD per page cost) = 4.60 USD (printing cost)

Example #2: 55-page black ink regular trim size paperback sold in the United Kingdom:
Fixed cost for a 55-page black ink regular trim size paperback sold on Amazon.co.uk is 1.93 GBP, and the additional cost per page is 0.00 GBP (none).

1.93 GBP fixed cost + (55 page count * 0.00 GBP per page cost ) = 1.93 GBP (printing cost)

Standard color ink, regular trim size
Example #1: 150-page standard color ink regular trim size paperback sold in Germany:
Based on the color ink chart above, the fixed cost for a 150-page standard color ink regular trim size paperback sold on Amazon.de is 0.75 EUR, and the additional cost per page is 0.024 EUR.

0.75 EUR fixed cost + (150 page count * 0.024 EUR per page cost) = 4.35 EUR (printing cost)

Example #2: 600-page standard color ink regular trim size paperback sold in Canada:
Based on the color ink chart above, the fixed cost for a 600-page standard color ink regular trim size paperback sold on Amazon.ca is 1.26 CAD, and the additional cost per page is 0.037 CAD.

1.26 CAD fixed cost + (600 page count * 0.037 CAD per page cost ) = 23.46 CAD (printing cost)

Premium color ink, large trim size
Example #1: 50-page premium color ink large trim size paperback sold in Australia:
Based on the color ink chart above, the fixed cost for a 50-page premium color ink large trim size paperback sold on Amazon.com.au is 2.42 AUD, and the additional cost per page is 0.10 AUD.

2.42 AUD fixed cost + (50 page count * 0.10 AUD per page cost) = 7.42 AUD (printing cost)

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Minimum paperback list price

The minimum list price is calculated based on your book's printing cost and royalty rate. It ensures that your royalties earned are always enough to cover the cost to print your book. KDP will not allow you to enter a list price lower than the minimum list price.

To calculate your minimum list price, we divide your paperback's printing cost by the royalty rate (50% or 60%, depending upon list price, per marketplace – please check the Royalties help page).

Scenario 1: Your book's list price is in the 60% royalty range:

Printing cost / (60 / 100) royalty rate = minimum list price

Scenario 2: Your book's list price is in the 50% royalty range:

Printing cost / (50 / 100) royalty rate = minimum list price

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Maximum paperback list price

The maximum list price we allow for any paperback is listed below by marketplace:

Marketplace	Maximum list price for paperback books
Amazon.com	250 USD
Amazon.ca	350 CAD
Amazon.co.uk	250 GBP
Amazon.de/es/fr/it/nl/ie/com.be	250 EUR
Amazon.pl	1,200 PLN
Amazon.se	2,500 SEK
Amazon.com.au	350 AUD
Amazon.co.jp	30,000 YEN

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Set & Update List Prices by Marketplace

You can set list prices by marketplace as long as they're higher than the minimum list price and lower than the maximum list price. Learn how to update your paperback list price. Alternatively, you can choose to automatically update your non-primary marketplace list prices based off of the list price you set for your primary marketplace.

Note: If you manually set your list prices in your non-primary marketplaces, changing your primary marketplace list price will not update the list prices you manually entered in non-primary marketplaces. Use the Printing Cost & Royalty Calculator to see your minimum list price in all currencies.

See our help page for information on timelines, including updates to published books.